Among these the commonest are:
(a) Cisterns (usually bottle-shaped, a narrow neck expanding below).
(b) Cup-markings, common everywhere. Often associated with cisterns.
(c) Wine and olive presses: there is a great variety in form, but
they generally consist of two essential parts--a shallow _pressing-
vat_ on which the fruit was crushed, and a deeper _receiving-vat_ in
which the expressed juice was collected. The vats are often lined
with cement containing datable potsherds, and are sometimes paved
with mosaic tesserae.
(d) Quarries.
(4) Sacred trees and bushes, recognized by the rags with which they
are festooned. Should be photographed and mapped, and their legends
ascertained, subject to the cautions given above under the head of
Sanctuaries.
(5) Castles and churches, usually of the Crusader period: early
Saracenic buildings. Should be recorded by means of plans,
photographs, measured drawings, and written descriptions.
(6) Mosaic pavements, usually belonging to Byzantine buildings;
should be recorded by means of coloured drawings.
CHAPTER VII
EGYPT
[See the diagrams of flint implements, Illustration II; pottery,
Illustration XIII; and the table of hieroglyphic signs liable to be
confused with each other, Illustration I]
First Prehistoric Age, 8000?-7000? B.
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