Yet it is a gradual acquisition, and must be
counted rather a goal than a possession. Under it, as the height of
our being, are ranged the three other stages,--consciousness, reflex
action, and unconsciousness.
REFERENCES ON SELF-CONSCIOUSNESS
James's Psychology, ch. x.
Royce's Studies of Good and Evil, ch. vi.-ix.
Ferrier's Philosophy of Consciousness, in his Philosophical Remains.
Calkins's Introduction to Psychology, bk. ii.
Wundt's Human and Animal Psychology, lect. xxvii.
IV
SELF-DIRECTION
I
In the last chapter I began to discuss the nature of goodness
distinctively personal. This has its origin in the differing
constitutions of persons and things. Into the making of a person four
characteristics enter which are not needed in the formation of a
thing. The most fundamental of these I examined. Persons and things
are unlike in this, that each force which stirs within a self-
conscious person is correlated with all his other forces. So great and
central is this correlation that a person can say, "I have an
experience," not--as, possibly, the brutes--"I am an experience." Yet
although a person tends thus to be an organic whole, he did not begin
his existence in conscious unity. Probably the early stages of our
life are to be sought rather in the regions of unconsciousness.
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